[9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. Members of the group will typically make up the elites in a dictator's inner circle at the beginning of a new dictatorship, though the dictator may remove them as a means to gain additional power. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. The authors acknowledged that the last rule is more complicated to implement, but stated that it helps researchers to control potential errors and removes subjective judgement from the classification. In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. 1. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. One person holds all of the country's power. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. Is North Korea a dictatorship? [1]:68. He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. Military dictatorships are controlled by military officers, one-party dictatorships are controlled by the leadership of a political party, and personalist dictatorships are controlled by a single individual. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. He all but eradicated corruption. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. Totalitarian Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. Democracies and Dictatorships in Latin America Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. 1. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. 15 Countries with Dictatorships Today (Or on Their Way to Dictatorships But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. [140] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. He arose to power in Italy in 1922, following the so-called 'March on Rome', in which his . Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. [27], One-party dictatorships are more stable than other forms of authoritarian rule, as they are less susceptible to insurgency and see higher economic growth. He assumed office in August 1979 and has remained in power since then. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 12:26. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. Latin America's new generation of dictators. Countries which under military dictatorship right now Photo: Lars Klove. What Countries Have a Totalitarian Government Today? - Reference.com Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. [8]:456. [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. The rights of the people are typically suppressed in a dictatorship, sometimes to a great degree. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. [11], A dictatorship is formed when a specific group seizes power, with the composition of this group affecting how power is seized and how the eventual dictatorship will rule. Uganda. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. Organizations that maintain moral authority with the public, such as the Church, are often the most targeted by infiltration. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. whether a majority vote in the legislature can remove the sitting government without cause. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. The required majority needed to remove the sitting government varies between countries but is termed a vote of no confidence. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. Infamous dictators of the world are often thought of as tyrants - leaders who rule with iron fists, cruelty, unflinching authority, and a lack of opposition. [41], Personalist dictatorships fit the exact classic stereotype of authoritarian rule. Dictatorship Countries List? - The Divine Writer Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), index of democracy and dictatorship or simply the DD index or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. The 10 most capitalist nations in the world - Yahoo! The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. Which countries have military dictatorship? - Studybuff 10 Worst Dictators In Power Today - WhatCulture.com Therefore, the entire country operates on the whims of that one person. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. Monarchies: 3. Malcolm Congal Aidan Julian Haldane, 23rd king of Gwynedd, reigned 1025 to 1074. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. Dictatorship - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics A dictator that has concentrated significant power is more likely to be exiled, imprisoned, or killed after ouster, and accordingly they are more likely to refuse negotiation and cling to power. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. Keep note that the head of state, chief executive, government, and legislatures can have their official names be seemingly contradictory to this classification. Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. What Are the Pros and Cons of Dictatorship? - eLawTalk.com His economic plans have been praised by leaders like Kemal Pasha. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1142733963, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. [1]:68 The figures at the left show the results in 1988 and 2008. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. [56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War.
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