Deni Seymour claims to have found hundreds of artifacts from the 16th century Spanish expedition at an undisclosed location in the Santa Cruz Valley . These small forces were able to defeat much larger ones. Decorations Revealed on Conserved Spanish Armor. The Coronado Expedition traveled through present-day Mexico and the American southwest, but the exact route has never been proven. Tucson archaeologist Deni Seymour digs for artifacts from the Coronado Expedition at an undisclosed site in Santa Cruz County. He said the loss of the outpost sort of put the nail in the coffin of Coronados journey, because it cut him off from his main resupply and communication route. Seymour knows she can't keep the site a secret forever, but she wants to protect it for as long as she can. The jaguars represented fierce beasts that were extremely territorial, similar to the Aztec;s behavior. It had a short and bloody histo, Established in 1937 by Pres. These men would dress in Jaguar skins or eagle feathers and were very brave warriors. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. The "trophy artifact" is a bronze wall gun more than 3 feet long and weighing roughly 40 pounds found sitting on the floor of a structure that she said could be proof of the oldest European settlement in the continental United States. By the time San Geronimo III was established, Coronado had already traveled deep into present-day New Mexico, where the expedition clashed with native people and lived for months in some of their captured pueblos. The big question in my mind is whether it disagrees with the earlier interpretation of where the Coronado Expedition went. Francisco Coronado on 1540 expedition from Mexico through American Southwest. Their armor was generally intended to intimidate as much as protect: it was often very colorful and beautiful. With Kansas eliminated, at least to his satisfaction, Cannon explains . Like the harquebus, the crossbow was a European weapon designed to defeat armored knights and too bulky and cumbersome to be of much use in the conquest against the lightly armored, quick natives. On Twitter: @RefriedBrean. To counter this, the Spanish Army built several presidios in northern New Spain. She has been uncovering artifacts there ever since with the help of metal detectors and a crew of up to 18 volunteers, including several members of the Tohono Oodham tribe. And it wasn't the first regardless, Flint added. Jean Laurent. 2022. In 1691, the Jesuit missionary, Father Eusebio Francisco Kino travelled through the Pimera Alta, establishing missions to convert the natives to Christianity. Artifacts linked to famed 16th century Coronado expedition into what is now Arizona, including a 3ft long bronze wall gun, are part of a 'history-changing site', claims the archeologist behind the discovery . If you want my FULL Phoenix and Tucson Travel Planner with day trips and things to do in Phoenix and Tucson, it is available for $4.99. Beginning in the late 1600s, what is now Arizona was settled by New Spain (Mexico). 20-26; Joe Boetcher, <<The Mystery of the Spanish Armor,,, Empire Magazine; The Denver Post, Denver, April 13, 1980. In last weeks top stories; Coronado Expedition Site found, ancient reindeer hunting techniques revealed, oldest road in Berlin uncovered, ever-burning lamps explored, possibly the best exhibition As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. In more than 40 years of research, they've written eight books and countless academic papers on the topic. I live and prospect in Arizona and the . Its unquestionably Coronado.. There are a lot of naysayers. According to azcentral, her finds number in the hundreds and include pieces of iron and copper crossbow bolts, distinctive caret-headed nails , a medieval horseshoe and spur, a sword point and bits of chain mail armor . In the 1940's a cache of silver tableware was dug up and a cache of $16,000 in coins were found, both in the Caballo Mountains. Spanish foot soldiers could use a variety of weapons. thoroughly America, For Star subscribers: Tucson's Planetary Science Institute at 50: From four young researchers to a worldwide team of more than 100 scientists , Starting Saturday, Jan. 29, hikers on Tucson's Tumamoc Hill can also exercise their creativity with a collaborative art installation designed , For Star subscribers: Tucson is home to what might be the world's largest academic collectionof video games and game-related artifacts. Firsttheyignore you,thentheyridiculeyou,thentheyfight you, andthenyou win." The Spanish who came to settle the New World were generally not farmers and craftsmen but soldiers, adventurers, and mercenaries looking for a quick fortune. The chest was protected by a breast plate of armor, and an armor back plate. I just go where the evidence is. She is so sure of her ground that she feels the site could one day end up being declared a national monument or even a World Heritage Site. The consensus among scholars is that the expedition most likely followed the Rio Sonora through northern Mexico and the San Pedro River into what is now Arizona. European bows and arrows were far more advanced, powerful, and accurate. "Armor and Weapons of the Spanish Conquistadors." Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. The Downtown Clifton Hotel. When the spoils were divided, cavalrymen received a much higher share of the treasure than foot soldiers. The vehicle weighed 5.9 tonnes, which, along with a maximum payload of 3.45 tonnes, resulted in a combined weight of 9.35 tonnes. This was found resting on the floor of a structure that, according to Seymour, could be part of the oldest European settlement in the United States. MidThePinesVintage. However, the trophy artifact is a bronze wall gun (an early form of cannon) more than 3 feet (91 centimeters) long and weighing roughly 40 pounds (18 kilograms). The Incas wore quilted or padded armor and used shields and helmets made of wood or bronze. The Arizona treasure hunter found a Spanish treasure from a Spanish, Apache massacre site in the rugged mountain in Arizona. We wait for the paper fully describing and documentiing the finds and the location! Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born in Salamanca, the second son of Juan Vsquez de Coronado, a wealthy nobleman. ", The Spanish "had a major presence here, and they had major conflicts with the natives here," Seymour said. Minster, Christopher. Abandoned in 1775. This mod developed as an extension of and compliment to Weapons Armor Clothing & Clutter Fixes and Rustic Clothing. In Peru, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro (1471-1541) demanded that the Incan Emperor Atahualpa (ca. As of Friday, just over $8,400 had been raised for the film, but the crowdfunding campaign was still well short of its $100,000 goal. The exact route is unknown, but most scholars believe the expedition likely entered present day Arizona along the San Pedro River. 2022. Nevertheless, eagle feathers provide no protection from a steel sword and Indigenous peoples' armor was of very little use in combat with conquistadors. A difficult accomplishment in the heat of battle. $59.98. But centuries ago, the land that is now the United States was a very different place What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? Its unquestionably Coronado, Seymour, who calls herself the Sherlock Holmes of history, said to azcentral. I don't think it undermines earlier thoughts that they came up the San Pedro, Hartmann said after attending her lecture, according to CBS. #1. It's primary goal is to add more diversity and lore-friendly armor and clothing options to the game, as well as to give certain NPCs outfits that are more appropriate for them. In close combat, a rider would use his sword. He found some. Legend. Take a look at how the conquistadors tested the. In these pueblos, Coronado heard stories of an another wealthy trade center, Quivira, to the northeast. Near the B, hidden in the rocks was a small cave, and in it her husband found Spanish Writings on the wall of the cave. it just seems strange that the wearer . She said she has already received a few radiocarbon results and other dating methods to back her up, with more testing planned. He is a former head writer at VIVA Travel Guides. By Gregory McNamee . On the mule trails of the old Spanish routes were 300 Mexican straw sandals found, and some pieces of old Spanish armor. ( Coronado We Did It ). An Arizona-based archaeologist claims to have found artifacts linked to the famous 16th-century Spanish Coronado Expedition led by Spanish conquistador Francisco Vzquez de Coronado. Contact with Europeans remained infrequent until three missions were established in 1629 in what is now northeastern Arizona. The goal is to find out how many visitors are locals and . Over the past year, she has shared photos of the artifacts with several experts, including the Flints, and invited a handful of fellow researchers out to see where she is working. Feb. 13, 2022, at 11:32 p.m. Tucson Archaeologist: Found Artifacts Linked to 16th Century. Jun 24, 2014. Although it has long been debated among professional and amateur historians, the question of the exact route Coronado and his band took to reach the Zuni pueblos region hasnt been satisfactorily settled. Those are the most diagnostic artifacts from the Coronado Expedition, Flint said, and to find so many crossbow bolts in particular is convincing evidence of a significant skirmish. During my study of history, I developed a great interest in post-colonial studies, with a focus on Latin America. They discovered . The independent researcher revealed her find on Jan. 29 in a sold-out lecture to more than 100 people at Tubac Presidio State Historic Park. A Spanish sword or pike could easily defeat Aztec armor. (Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau Nieto / CC BY-SA 4.0 ). Sierra Estrella: Buried gold. 17th to 19th-century Catholic religious outposts, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Spanish missions of the Catholic Church in the Americas, Independence of Spanish continental Americas, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France, Colonial universities in Hispanic America, Law of coartacin (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_missions_in_Arizona&oldid=1088525968, History of Catholicism in the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. joined the Union in 1912, it was well on its way to being a ", "It sure sounds like she has a really exciting site," Hartmann said after attending Seymour's first lecture in Tubac. Along with Yellowstone and Yosemite, it is one of the crown jewel, Contact reporter Henry Brean at hbrean@tucson.com or 573-4283. The indigenous peoples of Arizona remained unknown to European explorers until 1540 when Spanish explorer Pedro de Tovar (who was part of the Coronado expedition) encountered the Hopi while searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold.Contact with Europeans remained infrequent until three missions were established in 1629 in what is now northeastern Arizona. A display of Deni Seymours findings from about 40 miles west of the San Pedro River. Consequences of the Conquest of the Aztecs, 10 Notable Spanish Conquistadors Throughout History, Biography of Pedro de Alvarado, Conquistador, Biography of Diego de Almagro, Spanish Conquistador, Spain's American Colonies and the Encomienda System, 8 Important Figures in the Conquest of the Aztec Empire, Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. Subsequent attempts to reestablish the missions in Hopi villages were met with repeated failures. All Rights Reserved. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. In 1540 Spanish conquistador Francisco Vzquez de Coronado led an armed expedition of more than 2,500 European and Mexican-Indian allies through the present-day Mexico and the American southwest in search of treasure. Petroglyphs can be found throughout New Mexico. To Hartmann, Suya was more like a struggling military garrison than a town, he said. He said none of the original Spanish documents from that time ever mention cities of gold, and the Coronado Expedition carried no mining or assaying equipment with it during its two-year journey. According to Flint, there are a number of written accounts by members of the expedition that reference Suya and the battle that led to it being abandoned. Or fastest delivery Feb 7 - 10. There are a lot of naysayers, she said. Lone Archaeologist Discovers First Multi-Year European Settlement in the U.S. Archaeological site in Mexico reveals sacrifice and cannibalization of Spanish conquistadors, Archaeologists to use dog DNA to investigate the mysterious Cattewater Wreck, Holy Grail of Shipwrecks Comes Ashore 200 Years Later, Inscribed with Ancient Numbers, https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona/2022/02/13/tucson-archaeologist-says-she-found-coronado-expedition-artifacts/6775408001/, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronado-expedition-1540-artifatcs-found-arizona-archaeologist/, https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Ftubacpresidiopark%2Fposts%2F3274737226108040, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-10511381/Artifacts-linked-famed-16th-century-Coronado-expedition-history-changing-site.html, Weekly Top Stories: A Quick Catch Up On What You Missed. Spanish Armor Plate Discovered in North Carolina, U.S.A. Spanish soldiers took over the Native city of Catwba, Joara, about 60 miles east of Asheville, on an excursion from Florida about 450 years ago. Father Kino founded missions San Xavier and San Gabriel at the Piman communities of Bac and Guevavi along the Santa Cruz River. What we have is a named place, she said, a place named in the Coronado papers.. The front and back armor plates secured together with leather buckles. She has been uncovering artifacts there ever since with the help of metal detectors and a crew of up to 18 volunteers, including several members of the Tohono Oodham tribe. Since July 2020, when she found the first caret-headed nails at the site, which in this area means without question you have Coronado, she and her band of 18 volunteers armed with metal detectors have been making fresh discoveries with astonishing regularity. But that was before all these artifacts turned up in an entirely different river valley. The Aztecs had warrior societies, the most notable of which were the feared Eagle and Jaguar warriors. But after finding the artifacts in an entirely different river valley, she says she revised her opinion, as reported by the Daily Mail . In a similar vein, Flint said I think Deni's finds are certainly fascinating and probably indicate the presence of the Coronado expedition. The finely made weapons did not pass inspection until they could bend in a half-circle and survive a full-force impact with a metal helmet. That puts her at odds with most researchers. Share this . 4 Vintage 1968 HOMCO Home Interior Coat of Arms, Armor, Arrows, Spanish Conquistador Wall Decor, Made in the USA, Bronze w Gold Wall Plaques. In 1540, Spanish conquistador Francisco Vzquez de Coronado led an armed expedition of more than 2,500 Europeans and Mexican-Indian allies through what is now Mexico and the American Southwest in . The site keeps giving and giving, she said. At minimum, Seymour said, it is the remains of a large encampment, but she suspects it is something more. The Spanish began giving large land grants in southeastern Arizona, which were turned into ranches (ranchos). The Spanish armor and weapons had much to do with their success. These weapons could batter and bruise Spanish conquistadors, but only rarely did any serious damage through the heavy armor. By the end of the 17th century, mounted soldiers who guarded the colonial posts . Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. 1905 lithograph of painting by Frederic Remington. Some soldiers used crossbows, but they're very slow to load, break or malfunction easily and their use was not terribly common, at least not after the initial phases of the conquest. This is a history-changing site. Franklin Roosevelt, Organ Pipe NM in Southwestern Arizona encompasses more than 330,000 acres, much of it wildern, Chiricahua National Monument near Willcox, Ariz., established in 1924, is awonderland of standing-up rocks: pinnacles, spires, sheer stone co. Some Spanish soldiers used a harquebus, a sort of early musket. According to leading scholar Richard Flint, Coronado and company were searching for riches of a different sort when they marched through the present-day Southwest some 481 years ago. The site protects one of the largest prehistoric structures ever built in North America. Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico.Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Apr. In 1768, the Spanish crown discontinued Jesuit missionary work in the Americas, and missionary work was continued under the Franciscans.[2]. The evidence is very strong that they came up through the Rio Sonora.". Prior to her discovery, Seymour says she too subscribed to the consensus view. Just over $8,400 had been raised so far for the film, but the crowdfunding campaign was still well short of its $100,000 goal. For Star subscribers:University of Arizona researchers are trying to figure out exactly where the impact will occur on the moon. An Arizona-based archaeologist claims to have found artifacts linked to the famous 16th-century Spanish Coronado Expedition led by Spanish conquistador Francisco Vzquez de Coronado. After many years, the Indians decided to fight back, and they began to organize a plan. Deni Seymour holds a 42-inch-long bronze wall gun she discovered in one of her excavations. "Everyone wants to be first. Read: Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , the theory which applies to all institutions, organisations, and scientific activitities. The Spanish were greatly aided by diseases previously unknown to that part of the world. This page was last edited on 18 May 2022, at 15:05. Dave Dalby Cause Of Death; Celebrity Broken Finger Moved In With Parents; Bruno Falcon Nationality; spanish armor found in arizona 2022 Cody Drake only planned on spend. It is thought to be . A new museum dedicated to Black history in the area made its debut on the web on Dec. 31, and its first physical exhibit could open next month, Saguaro National Park will survey visitors after posting its busiest year on record. History: Reviews of New Books "Making use of resources in Spanish and Italian hitherto largely overlooked by writers on the subject, defense analyst Candil, a former Spanish armor officer, has produced the first book-length treatment of the role of armor in the Spanish Civil War. Deni Seymour said she has unearthed hundreds of artifacts linked to the 16th century Spanish expedition, including pieces of iron and copper crossbow bolts, distinctive caret-headed nails, a medieval horseshoe and spur, a sword point and bits of chain mail armor. 2a-2b. Native cultures wore elaborate, beautiful armor. (This discovery) is important, even if it's not the first," Flint said. The 16 th -century pieces were found in a cave in Grants' El Malpais and given to the museum by then-Rep. Nick . I don't think that that means the usual reconstruction of the route going north has to be abandoned. dxterity stock symbol / nice houses for sale near amsterdam / nice houses for sale near amsterdam A cache of armor was found south of here in the 1800's also, Willard peak does have gold deposits on it so I would assume it is of Spanish origin. (CC BY-SA 3.0 ) Other weapons, which may be Spanish as well, are located in Vernon Museum in Canada. Based on decimal units a troop of ten men had a corporal, and five groups of ten had a sergeant. $15,999.00 (15% off) Black Standard. Apaches who made peace with the Spanish were referred to as Apaches de paz (Apaches of Peace). The Spanish horsemen generally had two sorts of weapons: lances and swords. Dover Publications, 2000, Mineola, N.Y. Acuna-Soto, Rodolfo, et al. As far as she is concerned, this discovery is so important, so game-changing that it could wind up as a national monument or a World Heritage Site someday. $31.74 shipping. The "trophy artifact" is a . The Iliad can provide new insights on the role of motherhood among the ancient Greek gods, and by extension, amongst ancient mortal Greek women themselves. That in itself would be worth a fortune today! "I think we're going to start finding a lot more Coronado sites. Swords, daggers, armor, stirrups, spurs, bridles, copper medallions and boxes, copper plates, French swords, Spanish musketry and metal lance heads have been found from San Angelo to Silver to . Through the tireless work of Arizona-based Dr. Deni Seymour we now know where Coronado's expedition first crossed into what would later become the continental United States. Those are the most "diagnostic" artifacts from the Coronado Expedition, Flint said, and to find so many crossbow bolts in particular is convincing evidence of a significant skirmish. As archaeologists, we get to see the coolest stuff and go to places others cant go, she said. Relics have been unearthed across an area that stretches for well over half a mile. Credit Michele Skalicky. New Mexico historian Richard Flint had a similar reaction: excited by Seymour's discovery, skeptical about her conclusions. Millions died of new illnesses brought by the Spanish such as smallpox. There was also a great deal of luck involved. Christopher Columbus discovered previously unknown lands in 1492, and within 20 years the conquest of these new lands was proceeding quickly. In 1751, the native Pima people revolted against the Spanish in the Pima Revolt, and over 100 settlers were killed and most of the remaining settlers fled in fear, leaving several missions abandoned. Norimitsu Odachi: Who Could Have Possibly Wielded This Enormous 15th Century Japanese Sword? Seymour is far less measured. Spanish Colonial Armor Gets a 21st-Century `Wow'. /. Gillette, Arizona, a milling town for the nearby Tip Top Mine began in 1876 and like so many towns of the Wild West . Bill Hartmann is an accomplished Tucson astronomer, who has also been investigating and writing about Coronado for more than 20 years. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. Petroglyph National Monument is a day park, which means it closes at 5:00 (or sunset in the summer). how to change text duration on reels. Relics have been unearthed across an area that stretches for well over half a mile. Armor and Weapons of the Spanish Conquistadors. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. Several Spaniards had died trying to find it. Promotion Available. And its different natives than previously thought.. Today, their name and legacy - and whether they should be celebrated - are heatedly debated. In 1680, the Pueblo Revolt resulted in the destruction of all three missions, greatly limiting Spanish influence in the region. Beginning in the 16th century Spain established missions throughout New Spain (consisting of Mexico and portions of what today are the Southwestern United States) in order to facilitate colonization of these lands. 2022 The Associated Press. As for her recent public talks in Tubac, Seymour said she took the unusual step of selling tickets and publicizing her work early to raise money for a documentary that's being made about the discovery by Tucson-based Frances Causey Films. However, Spanish gold claims have been found on Nickajack Creek in Smyrna, GA northwest of Atlanta. Full suits of armor were uncommon among the Spanish conquistadors for a number of reasons. "I think Deni's finds are certainly fascinating and probably indicate the presence of the Coronado expedition," Flint said. "The site keeps giving and giving," she said. Seymour knows she cant keep the site a secret forever, but she wants to protect it for as long as she can. A Tucson archaeologist has unveiled a discovery in Santa Cruz County that she thinks could rewrite the history of the Coronado Expedition. She promised more tantalizing details during a follow-up talk at the Tubac Presidio on Feb. 5. ThoughtCo, Apr. The conquest of the Americas proves decisively the advantage of advanced armor and weaponry in any conflict. Arizona archaeologist says she's found artifacts linked to famed 1540 expedition: A history-changing site . . Throughout the history of civilization, the concept of the apocalypse has been ever present, in one way or another. He wrote about the environment for the Las Vegas Review-Journal for 16 years. Six scales from . This page provides a guide for where to find many of them, from Santa Fe to Albuquerque to Southern New Mexico. Over 350 years ago, Spanish Conquistadors traveled north through the wilderness to find the Seven Cities of Cibola, a treasure of gold.Though Coronado went back to Mexico empty-handed, it is believed that some of the Spaniards found treasure, and hid it in the cave before Indians killed them.. De Soto Falls gets its name from the Spanish armor found there. Flint and his historian wife, Shirley Cushing Flint, are among the world's leading experts on the expedition. "We have clear evidence of battle," said Seymour, who has written dozens of academic books and papers about the region and its early native inhabitants. I think were going to start finding a lot more Coronado sites., Saguaro National Monument in Tucson was created in 1933, expanded in 1961, and became Saguaro National Park in 1994. In Europe, the armored knight had dominated the battlefield for centuries and weapons such as the harquebus and crossbow were specifically designed to pierce armor and defeat them. The envisioned revelation, the feared end of the world that will herald an age of purification through horrific and chaotic means Every culture has an explanation about how we got here. In 1821, the Treaty of Crdoba was signed, ending the Mexican War of Independence and giving Mexico control over New Spain. She predicts these discoveries will eventually help pin down the exact route of the infamous expedition through Arizona. Seymour is far less measured. Print. In the spring of 1687, the Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino lived and worked with the Native Americans in the area called the Pimera Alta, or "Upper Pima Country," which presently includes the Mexican state of Sonora and the southern portion of Arizona. They spent the winter there. Seymour said she once favored the San Pedro route, too. In 1776, Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate was founded near what is now Tombstone, Arizona. Clusters of lead shot and distinctive Sobaipuri arrowheads tell the story of their final confrontation, which sent the Spaniards retreating back to the south. TUCSON, Ariz. (AP) A Tucson archaeologist has unveiled a . A full suit of metal armor weighed about 60 pounds and the weight was well distributed over the body, allowing it to be worn for long periods of time without causing much fatigue. It generally included even armored boots and gloves or gauntlets. Henry joined the Star in 2019 after 25 years at Nevada newspapers. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. Tucson police found the 59-year-old victim in a parking lot with gunshot trauma on Saturday morning. The Spanish petroglyph images were etched 200 to 300 years ago. Clipping found in Bisbee Daily Review in Bisbee, Arizona on Jun 10, 1909. One of the West's most widely told gold legends concerns a mine developed in the 1840s by the Peralta family of Mexico in the Superstition Mountains of Arizona. Along with the central structure where the wall gun was found, she said she has identified what appear to be six surrounding lookout stations, three of which show clear evidence of being attacked., The Spanish had a major presence here, and they had major conflicts with the natives here, Seymour said. People kept being disappointed, but they didnt give up on the idea. / AP. mail armor. 2002, doi:10.3201/eid0804.010175. The spring-loaded arm, known as a "dog" and trigger guard were once part of a wheellock pistol, according to the Museums of Western Colorado, which has released details of the fascinating find. She predicts these discoveries will eventually help pin down the exact route of the infamous expedition through Arizona. Published November 3, 2011. I don't think it undermines earlier thoughts that they came up the San Pedro.". The date on the wall was . Bill Hartmann is an accomplished Tucson astronomer, who has also been investigating and writing about Coronado for more than 20 years. "We have an anchor point now," Seymour said. Over the past year, she has shared photos of the artifacts with several experts, including the Flints, and invited a handful of fellow researchers out to see where she is working. Excavation at the site has yielded more than 120 caret-headed nails and more than 60 crossbow bolts so far. Large, heavy shields were notnecessary for the conquest, although many conquistadors used a buckler, a small, round or oval shield usually of wood or metal covered with leather.
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